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![]() ![]() See Figure 10.4 for images of an arterial insufficiency ulcer and necrotic toes. Necrotic tissue does not heal, so surgical debridement or amputation of the extremity becomes necessary for healing. Tissue death causes the skin and tissue to become necrotic (black). When oxygenated blood flow to tissues becomes inadequate, the tissue dies. ![]() Signs of arterial insufficiency are cool skin temperature, pale skin color, pain that increases with exercise, and possible arterial ulcers. As a person’s arteries become blocked with plaque due to atherosclerosis, there is decreased blood flow to the tissues. Arterial insufficiency can also be a chronic condition caused by peripheral vascular disease (PVD). ![]() Arterial insufficiency can be a sudden, acute lack of oxygenated blood, such as when a blood clot in an artery blocks blood flow to a specific area. Īrterial insufficiency refers to a lack of adequately oxygenated blood movement in arteries to specific tissues. In addition, the eyebrows play a key role in nonverbal communication by expressing emotions such as sadness, anger, surprise, and excitement. The eyebrows protect the eyes from dirt, sweat, and rain. Some hairs, such as the eyelashes, are especially sensitive to the presence of potentially harmful matter. Sensory receptors in the hair follicles can sense when the hair moves, whether it is because of a breeze or the touch of a physical object. Human hair has an important sensory function as well. However, this action is more effective in mammals that have thick hair than it is in relatively hairless human beings. When the body is cold, the arrector pili muscles contract, causing hairs to stand up and trapping a layer of warm air above the epidermis. One idea is that body hair helps to keep us warm in cold weather. The function of hair in other locations on the body is debated. The functions of head hair are to provide insulation to retain heat and to protect the skin from damage by UV light. ![]()
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